Depression: Signs & Symptoms

Depression affects mood, thinking, body, and behavior. Recognizing the signs can help you seek support sooner and begin effective treatment.

Emotional and Cognitive Signs

A persistent sad, empty, or “down” mood most days

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities you once enjoyed (anhedonia)

Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism, or worthlessness

Irritability, restlessness, or being easily agitated

Trouble concentrating, making decisions, or remembering things

Excessive guilt or self-blame

Thoughts of death or self-harm (seek immediate help if present)

Physical Signs

Fatigue or decreased energy, even after resting

Sleep disturbances: difficulty falling or staying asleep, or sleeping too much

Appetite changes and weight fluctuation (loss or gain)

Unexplained aches, pains, or physical symptoms without a clear cause

Psychomotor changes: slowed movements or speech, or, less commonly, restlessness

Behavioral Signs

Social withdrawal or avoidance of activities you once enjoyed

Decline in personal hygiene or self-care

Reduced performance at work, school, or home

Increased use of substances (alcohol or drugs) to cope

Prolonged feelings of irritability or hostility toward others

If you or someone you know is experiencing thoughts of death or self-harm, seek help immediately. You’re not alone, and support is available.